By Marcel Kitissou

© 2021 International Journal of African Studies. This is an open access article under
the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use,
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Abstract
This paper is a reflection on the influence of time and space on Africa in geopolitics. It
proposes that, while history, in the long-run is perceived as linear, in the short-term it is
granular. To make sense of events, one must connect the dots between cluster of times. The
analysis builds on the May 1898 statement of the former Prime Minister of the United
Kingdom, Lord Salisbury, assessing the geopolitics of his time as made of living nations and
dying nations. He characterized the living nations as having the tendency to encroach on the
territory of the dying ones. The statement implies a combination of geography and a
reference to biological processes with implication of space and the vicissitudes of time
involved. The processes of living and dying take time and imply occupying a space. As the
living states encroach on the territory of the dying, borders become, beyond their
internationally recognized physical demarcations, breathing, and living entities with expanding
(or shrinking) virtual borders. This concept is referred to as peri-corporal space in the
paper. To test this hypothesis, the United States’ international influence and the global
status China now enjoys are analyzed. Also, the de facto Franco-African state (Françafrique
lost its legitimacy due to a combination of events in the 1990s), as a typical case, is used to
illustrate when, why, and how the expansion of one nation’s virtual border reduces the
margin of action of other states.
Keywords: US, China, United Kingdom, France, Africa, Time, Space, Geopolitics